Irská historie - stručně
Historie - stručné dějiny Irska
- 8.000 př. n. l. začíná první osidlování Irska po konci doby ledové
- 4.000 př. n. l. počátky zemědělství
- 300 př. n. l. Irsko osidlují Keltové a začíná jejich 1000 let dlouhá kulturní a politická vláda
- 432 n. l. sv. Patrik začíná v Irsku šířit křesťanství
- 9. stol. na východním pobřeží přistávají Vikingové a začínají se na ostrově usidlovat, zakládají malé vikingské království zvané Dubh Linn, z něhož později vznikne město Dublin
- 11. stol. po porážce Vikingů se do Irska dostávají Normané pod vedením Strongbowa a postupně splývají se zdejším obyvatelstvem
- 1366 po dvou stoletích normanské asimilace v Irsku tzv. Kilkennské statuty zakazují sňatky mezi Angličany a Iry
- okolo 1530 anglický král Jindřich VIII. potlačuje vzpouru rodu Fitzgeraldů, který ohrožoval jeho nadvládu v Irsku. Jejich rozsáhlé pozemky rozděluje anglickým osadníkům. Nadvládu nad Irskem dále upevňuje anglická královna Alžběta I.
- 1610 počátek kolonizace, při níž Angličané zabírají provincii Ulster a přivlastňují si zdejší půdu
- 1649 Cromwell drancuje Irsko poté, co Irové v anglické občanské válce podpořili Karla I.
- 1690 Vilém Oranžský se svou protestantskou armádou vítězí nad katolickými vojsky Jakuba II. v bitvě na řece Boyne
- 1695 trestní zákony zakazují katolíkům kupovat nemovitý majetek - za 100 let budou katolíci vlastnit pouhých 5% irské půdy
- 1798 pronásledování protianglicky smýšlejících členů Irské jednoty vede k povstání, které je však potlačeno
- 1828 katolík Daniel O'Connell získává ve volbách parlamentní křeslo, což vede k přijetí nových zákonů, zaručujících (byť omezené) volební právo pro katolíky
- 1845 - 51 v době Velkého hladomoru, který způsobila neúroda brambor napadených bramborovým morem, umírají nebo jsou nuceny emigrovat až 4 miliony lidí
- 1879 - 82 v pozemkové válce pachtýři získávají spravedlivé pachtovné a možnost vlastnit půdu, kterou obdělávají
- okolo 1890 irské obrození v čele s básníkem W. B. Yeatsem
- 1919 - 22 anglo-irská válka vede k rozdělení země, v roce 1922 je založen svobodný irský stát
- 1948 svobodný irský stát se stává republikou
- 1969 začíná násilný konflikt mezi katolíky a protestanty v Severním Irsku
- 1972 - 30. ledna - britská policie při nepokojích zabila 13 civilistů (tzv. Krvavá neděle)
- 1981 republikánští vězni v Severním Irsku zahajují hladovku a nakonec umírají hlady
- 1998 Velkopáteční dohoda, která předkládá postup k dosažení míru v Severním Irsku, získává podporu na severu ostrova i v Irské Republice
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